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Ankle Arthritis

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Ankle arthritis refers to degeneration of the cartilage within the ankle joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Unlike hip and knee arthritis — which often develop from age-related wear — ankle arthritis is more commonly the result of previous trauma such as a fracture or repeated sprains.

Symptoms

• Pain and stiffness in the ankle, especially in the morning or after rest
• Swelling around the joint
• A grinding or catching sensation during movement
• Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
• Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
• In advanced cases: visible swelling, deformity, or instability

Diagnosis

Clinical assessment confirmed with X-rays (joint space narrowing, osteophytes, bone-on-bone contact). MRI or CT scans may be used for detailed assessment of cartilage, bone quality, and alignment.

Causes

• Post-traumatic arthritis following ankle fractures, dislocations, or repeated sprains
• Chronic ankle instability
• Osteoarthritis — age-related cartilage degeneration
• Inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Infection, gout, or avascular necrosis

Non-Surgical Treatment

• Activity modification
• Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
• Ankle bracing or lace-up supports
• Custom orthotics or rocker-soled shoes
• Physiotherapy to maintain movement, strength, and balance
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation during flares

Surgical Options

• Arthroscopic debridement: Removal of loose cartilage, inflamed tissue, and bony spurs — most effective in early stages.
• Osteotomy: Bone realignment to shift pressure away from the damaged part of the joint.
• Ankle fusion (arthrodesis): Damaged joint surfaces are removed and bones fixed together — eliminates movement but reliably relieves pain.
• Total ankle replacement (arthroplasty): The ankle joint is replaced with an artificial implant to preserve motion — suitable for selected patients with good bone quality and alignment.

Mr Hester will discuss the most appropriate approach based on the severity of your arthritis, activity level, foot alignment, and overall health.

Recovery

Timeframe	What to Expect
0–2 weeks	Rest and elevation. Wound review at 2 weeks.
2–8 weeks	Boot — initially non-weight-bearing or partial depending on procedure.
3 months	Bone healing from fusion confirmed. Physiotherapy ongoing.
6–12 months	Progressive return to full activity depending on procedure.